Modul Ajar Bahasa Inggris Kelas 11 SMA: Scientific Inventions and How They Work (Explanation Text) (Bab 5)
Struktur teks explanation proses sains dan rekayasa teknologi, penggunaan passive voice dalam proses ilmiah, kalimat sebab-akibat (cause and effect), dan konjungsi urutan waktu (sequential connectives).
Capaian dan tujuan pembelajaran
Peserta didik mampu menganalisis struktur teks explanation dan relasi sebab-akibat dalam fenomena ilmiah/teknologi.
Peserta didik mampu menggunakan kalimat pasif (passive voice) dan konjungsi sekuensial secara tepat.
Peserta didik mampu menulis teks penjelasan ilmiah (explanation text) yang akurat dan runtut.
Materi pokok & uraian konsep pembelajaran
Explanation texts describe how or why natural, social, and technological phenomena occur. In scientific and engineering education, explanation texts demystify complex systems—such as how photovoltaic cells convert photon energy into electricity, how CRISPR gene editing functions, or how artificial neural networks process data.
The text is structured into a General Statement (introducing the phenomenon to be explained) and a Sequenced Explanation (a chronological or logical progression of causal stages illustrating how the system operates step-by-step).
Key grammatical conventions include extensive use of the Passive Voice (*energy is absorbed*, *signals are transmitted*), technical jargon, action verbs in the simple present tense, and transitional markers of sequence (*initially*, *subsequently*, *ultimately*).
Peta subtopik bahasan
Generic Structure of Sequential and Causal Explanation Texts
Formulating general statements and detailing chronological stages in scientific mechanisms.
Passive Voice in Technical and Scientific Discourse
Transforming active sentences into formal impersonal passive structures.
Cause and Effect Linkers and Sequential Connectors
Using 'as a result of', 'due to', 'subsequently', 'leads to', and 'triggers'.
Writing an Explanatory Article on Modern Technology
Composing an essay explaining how geothermal power plants generate clean electricity.
Istilah kunci dan glosarium
Explanation Text
A non-fiction text type that explains the processes involved in natural, social, scientific, or technological phenomena.
General Statement
The opening paragraph that names and defines the phenomenon about to be explained.
Sequenced Explanation
The series of explanatory paragraphs clarifying the sequential steps and causal mechanisms of the process.
Passive Voice
A grammatical voice in which the subject receives the action expressed by the verb (Subject + Be + Past Participle).
Sequential Connector
Transition words indicating the chronological order of events (e.g., *firstly*, *thereafter*, *finally*).
5 butir instrumen soal pilihan ganda berbasis HOTS untuk mengukur pemahaman konsep pada bab ini. Dilengkapi kunci jawaban dan uraian pembahasan analitis.
Soal 1
Which sentence correctly demonstrates the use of the Passive Voice in a scientific explanation?
A. Photons from sunlight are absorbed by silicon semiconductors, creating free electron pairs.
B. Silicon semiconductors absorb photons from sunlight actively.
C. The engineer was designing a new solar panel yesterday morning.
D. Sunlight warms up the surface of the earth continuously.
Lihat Kunci Jawaban & Pembahasan
Kunci Jawaban: Pilihan A
Pembahasan: 'Photons are absorbed by silicon semiconductors' uses the passive structure 'are + past participle' focusing on the process.
Soal 2
What is the primary function of sequential connectors (*e.g., subsequently, thereafter, ultimately*) in an explanation text?
A. To guide the reader through the logical, step-by-step timeline of the process
B. To introduce personal emotional reactions from the writer
C. To make the essay rhyme like a lyrical song
D. To contradict the general statement in the opening
Lihat Kunci Jawaban & Pembahasan
Kunci Jawaban: Pilihan A
Pembahasan: Sequential connectors maintain chronological coherence across stages of a scientific mechanism.
Soal 3
Complete the sentence with the correct cause-and-effect phrase: 'High ocean temperatures ... the formation of tropical cyclones.'
A. lead to
B. in spite of
C. although
D. unless
Lihat Kunci Jawaban & Pembahasan
Kunci Jawaban: Pilihan A
Pembahasan: 'Lead to' is a causal verb phrase denoting that warm ocean waters cause cyclone development.
Soal 4
Why is the simple present tense predominantly used in scientific explanation texts?
A. Because the processes described represent timeless scientific facts, natural laws, and recurring operations
B. Because scientists never write about past experiments
C. Because the present tense is shorter and easier to spell
D. Because English grammar forbids past tense in non-fiction
Lihat Kunci Jawaban & Pembahasan
Kunci Jawaban: Pilihan A
Pembahasan: Scientific explanations articulate general truths and reproducible physical mechanisms using the simple present tense.
Soal 5
In explaining a geothermal power plant, what follows the extraction of underground steam?
A. The high-pressure steam is directed into a turbine, which spins a generator to produce electricity
B. The steam is immediately frozen into solid ice cubes
C. The plant shuts down completely forever
D. The electricity is buried back into deep rock strata
Lihat Kunci Jawaban & Pembahasan
Kunci Jawaban: Pilihan A
Pembahasan: Steam turns the turbine blades, which rotates an electromagnetic generator to produce usable electrical power.
Instrumen evaluasi lengkap, lembar kerja peserta didik (LKPD), dan rubrik penilaian sumatif tersedia di dalam paket berkas perangkat ajar di bawah ini.
